what does altered mean for dogs

2 min read 28-02-2025

Altered, in the context of dogs, refers to the surgical procedures of spaying (for females) and neutering (for males). These procedures involve removing reproductive organs to prevent unwanted pregnancies and reduce certain behavioral problems. Understanding what "altered" means for your canine companion is crucial for responsible pet ownership.

Spaying: What Happens to Female Dogs?

Spaying, also known as ovariohysterectomy, is the surgical removal of a female dog's ovaries and uterus. This prevents her from becoming pregnant. It's a relatively common and safe procedure performed by veterinarians.

Benefits of Spaying Your Dog:

Prevents Unwanted Pregnancies: This is perhaps the most significant benefit, preventing the birth of unwanted puppies and reducing the number of dogs in shelters.
Reduces the Risk of Certain Cancers: Spaying significantly lowers the risk of mammary cancer, uterine infections (pyometra), and ovarian tumors.
Eliminates Heat Cycles: Heat cycles, or estrus, can be messy and disruptive. Spaying eliminates these cycles altogether.
May Reduce Certain Behavioral Issues: While not guaranteed, spaying can sometimes reduce aggression or roaming behaviors associated with heat cycles.

Neutering: What Happens to Male Dogs?

Neutering, or castration, is the surgical removal of a male dog's testicles. This prevents him from fathering puppies. It's a relatively quick and straightforward procedure.

Benefits of Neutering Your Dog:

Prevents Unwanted Pregnancies: This is the primary reason for neutering.
Reduces the Risk of Certain Cancers: Neutering greatly reduces the risk of testicular cancer and may lower the risk of prostate problems.
May Reduce Certain Behavioral Issues: Neutering can often decrease aggression, marking behavior (urine spraying), and roaming tendencies. However, it's important to note that this isn't always the case. Underlying behavioral issues may require professional training regardless of neutering.
May Reduce the Risk of Certain Medical Issues: Neutering can reduce the chance of certain prostate issues later in life.

When Should You Alter Your Dog?

The optimal time to alter your dog is often a matter of discussion between you and your veterinarian. However, there is generally consensus around the following:

Small Breed Dogs: Often spayed/neutered between 6 and 12 months of age.
Large Breed Dogs: Often spayed/neutered between 12 and 18 months of age, allowing for proper skeletal development.

Your vet will consider your dog's breed, size, overall health, and individual circumstances when determining the best timing.

Potential Risks and Considerations:

While spaying and neutering are generally safe procedures, there are potential risks associated with any surgery, including:

Anesthesia Risks: As with any surgery, there is a small risk of complications related to anesthesia.
Infection: As with any surgery, there is a small risk of infection at the surgical site.
Incontinence: In rare cases, spaying can lead to urinary incontinence, especially in smaller breeds.
Weight Gain: Altered dogs may be more prone to weight gain. Maintaining a healthy diet and exercise routine is important.

What to Expect After the Procedure:

Your veterinarian will provide specific post-operative care instructions. Generally, expect some swelling and discomfort at the incision site. Keep your dog quiet and prevent them from licking or chewing the incision. Monitor for signs of infection or complications and contact your vet immediately if you have any concerns.

The Bottom Line:

Altering your dog is a major decision with both benefits and potential risks. Discuss the procedure thoroughly with your veterinarian to ensure it's the right choice for your dog and your lifestyle. Remember that responsible pet ownership includes considering the long-term implications of your choices and providing optimal care for your canine companion.