the trend from 1660 to 1710

3 min read 27-02-2025

The Shifting Sands of Style: Fashion and Culture in England, 1660-1710

The period from 1660 to 1710 in England witnessed a dramatic transformation in fashion, reflecting broader societal shifts after the tumultuous English Civil War and the Restoration. This era, spanning the reigns of Charles II and the early years of Anne, saw a move away from the austere styles of the Puritan era towards a flamboyant and increasingly elaborate aesthetic. Understanding the fashion trends of this period offers a fascinating glimpse into the social, political, and cultural currents of the time.

The Restoration and the Return of Extravagance (1660-1685)

The Restoration of the monarchy under Charles II in 1660 marked a decisive break from the Puritan era's somber clothing. Suddenly, bright colours, rich fabrics, and lavish ornamentation became fashionable. The influence of the French court was strong, and French styles, particularly those associated with Louis XIV, heavily impacted English fashion.

Men's Fashion:

The "Beau Monde": Men's fashion embraced a luxurious aesthetic. Elaborate coats, often with wide sleeves and long, trailing skirts, became the norm. These were paired with breeches, and extravagant accessories like wigs, lace, and ribbons.
The Rise of the Wig: The powdered wig, initially adopted by the upper classes, rapidly gained popularity, becoming a symbol of status and sophistication. Different styles of wigs signaled social standing and individual taste.
The Importance of Fabric: Rich fabrics like velvet, silk, and brocade were highly valued. These materials, often imported, further highlighted the wealth and social standing of the wearer.

Women's Fashion:

The "Robe à la Française": This loose-fitting gown, characterized by its long, fitted bodice and full skirt, became incredibly popular. It was often ornamented with lavish details, such as ribbons, lace, and embroidery.
Emphasis on Ornamentation: Women's fashion emphasized elaborate detail. Necklines were often adorned with intricate lace, and petticoats and skirts were richly decorated.
The Shift Towards a More Defined Waistline: While the overall silhouette remained relatively loose, a gradual shift towards a more defined waistline began to emerge during this period, foreshadowing trends of the 18th century.

The Reign of Queen Anne and the Rise of a New Simplicity (1702-1714)

The accession of Queen Anne in 1702 brought a subtle shift in fashion. While extravagance remained prevalent among the aristocracy, a trend towards greater simplicity and practicality began to emerge, particularly among the middle classes.

Evolving Styles:

The "Robe Volante": This loose, flowing gown, a simpler alternative to the "Robe à la Française," gained in popularity. It was often made from lighter fabrics, making it more comfortable for daily wear.
Less Elaborate Detail: While ornamentation remained important, the emphasis on elaborate detail lessened somewhat. Simpler designs and less lavish materials became increasingly acceptable.
Increased Practicality: With a growing middle class, the demand for more practical and affordable clothing increased. This led to a shift towards simpler styles and fabrics that were easier to care for and maintain.

The Broader Cultural Context

The fashion trends of this era were closely intertwined with broader societal changes. The Restoration saw a resurgence of interest in the arts and sciences, reflected in the rich ornamentation and opulent fabrics of the time. The growing influence of the merchant class and the increasing importance of trade contributed to the wider availability of new fabrics and styles.

The transition from the lavish styles of the Restoration to the slightly more restrained fashions of the early 18th century reflects the complex interplay of social, economic, and political factors that shaped English society during this period. The rich tapestry of clothing styles offers a compelling window into the evolving tastes and aspirations of the English people. Further research into specific portraits, textile records, and diaries of the time can provide an even richer understanding of the fashion and cultural landscape of this fascinating era.